6.
Today I willl be providing a prospective view into where exploration might take place, once a North-South pipeline link is built.
The idea here is not to swamp you with geological terms and resource estimates, but rather to send you home with a broader knowledge of what is up there and what might be soem of the implications of looking for oil and gas up there.
Because our audience is highly varied, I will start first by saying a few words about the Canadian political context in which this future exploration is likely to take place.
Then I will provide you with a quick overview of known and prospective convential resources in the many sedimentary basins of northern Canada, first in the northern mainland; second in the Arctic Archipelago and third in the offshore areas.
Finally, I will sy a few words about gas hydrates, the development of which is still at an embryonic stage, but could become a supply of choice in the future.
Then I will pass the podium to Ken Bird of the USGS who will do the same for Alaska side of the Arctic.
14.
Slide 6: Paleozoic stratigraphic sections...
Northeast Ellesmere (shield, NeoProterzoic, evaporites, to Blue Fiord)
Central Ellesmere (Thumb to Devonian clastic wedge)
...both showing Paleozoic reefs and shales outs in Cambrian and Silurian
18.
Ellesmer Orog
Blcok fron orth smasshe d in Laurentia
19.
Caledfopnia to Alaska
28.
Late Pal: starved in basin centre
MZ": 8 km
Clastic
31.
Oil shale, lacustrine, 40% TOC
Maybe in the subsurface
37.
It should be emphasized again, that this first wave of exploration was targetting almost exclusively the Mesozoic anticlinal play. The Mesozoic is known to contain several sources rocks and a multitude of play possibilities, from the purely structural to the stratigraphic types.
Equally exciting, at least theoretically, are the possibilities offered by the Carboniferous and Permian succession of the Sverdrup, which has been penetrated by a handful of wells only. This succession is carbonate-dominated and is very much like that of neighboring Barents Sea and Timan-Pechora areas of Northern Russia.
Indeed, on a Permian paleogeographic map, the Sverdrup, the Barents Sea and Timan Pechora are all part of the same depositional system, and just a few thousand kilometres separated these areas as opposed to many times that distance now.
45.
· Six fundamental conditions have to be met for biogenic siliceous deposits to precipitate, accumulate and be preserved as bedded chert in the rock record :
o Adequate supply of silica and nutrients
o Transport mechanism for silica and nutrients
o Opportunistic biota (sponge, radiolarian, diatom)
o Suitable marine environment for biota
o Minimal carbonate and/or clastic dilution
o Favourable post-mortem setting above and below sea floor
Letts examine how these conditions fared before, during and after the PCE
46.
· Six fundamental conditions have to be met for biogenic siliceous deposits to precipitate, accumulate and be preserved as bedded chert in the rock record :
o Adequate supply of silica and nutrients
o Transport mechanism for silica and nutrients
o Opportunistic biota (sponge, radiolarian, diatom)
o Suitable marine environment for biota
o Minimal carbonate and/or clastic dilution
o Favourable post-mortem setting above and below sea floor
Letts examine how these conditions fared before, during and after the PCE
47.
· Six fundamental conditions have to be met for biogenic siliceous deposits to precipitate, accumulate and be preserved as bedded chert in the rock record :
o Adequate supply of silica and nutrients
o Transport mechanism for silica and nutrients
o Opportunistic biota (sponge, radiolarian, diatom)
o Suitable marine environment for biota
o Minimal carbonate and/or clastic dilution
o Favourable post-mortem setting above and below sea floor
Letts examine how these conditions fared before, during and after the PCE
51.
Late Pal: starved in basin centre
MZ": 8 km
Clastic
53.
MS: 8 km
Pal 2-3 km
Satrved basin centre
56.
L. Tr ss
Same agae as pridhoe Nay Vishiac but 10x as thick
Bradied and Meadering SS\Good reservoir
59.
Rich M. tr source rock
As Shubklicxk in Alaska
10% TOC
60.
Triassic soruce rock
Whole basin
Two mnain source rocks
Two overlap in the middle basoij
High maturity with dikes amnd seals in the east
Good in SW
61.
High maturity with dikes amnd seals in the east
Good in SW
62.
Good porous ss in top Middle Triassic
Water percolation casuses organge: oxidation, porous ss
64.
2 major unconfor
Sand at base, shale midlel, sand on top
65.
Delta top the east and marin ess shale to the west
67.
PLesibachanian : block aof san s everywher, major reservoi in King Chrustiuan in Ringens islasnd: remus ss
69.
LOike Alaska Cu : our LCU
70.
Star of rift:
Prin ce patrick
N-N graben mIdlle Jurassic
Start of rift og Ameriasi basion
73.
Awingak: good ss, ovelain by deer bay shael
75.
Big unconf shael on sjhale
77.
Renwed rifting, much thoicker, huge ss at base going bnase , shale nidfdle,m ssa at toip
78.
Unxc Base of baremmian ss (Isachen) noin-marin e flucviab bradier to meanderinf to marin shale
80.
Sills came in in ebnomanian, diabase sill invaDCDE THE BASIN
81.
Alpah ridfge, onlap extension
Minjor ion SWin
82.
Alpha ridge; hot spot trace, onlap dexpression , same a sFranz Jos land and Svalba
83.
Very dark org shale, 10% TOC
Immature over the basin
Too shallow to be prospective
86.
Base tereiarty, big unconforkmtiy
Non-mrine, with 10m thick coal
88.
Grenl starts to roate relative to Ellesme, folding in Paleozen and eocene,
Foreland basin on Ellesmere
89.
Lsate eocene, earlu ologone, cliamzxed of Eureka orog
90.
Jackson fiedl, Heiob nerg ss
92.
Oil waster contac tmigrated up
93.
One has good field, the other is minjor, probably because o f fractuers
94.
Sabien well ss is goje in well to the left: ss trucnaTED
96.
Salt walt , tinning and trucntartion along flandk, sruct srap traps alonfg flanks
97.
Salt canopy, like canopy in Lower Cretaceous
103.
18 pools, mainly gas
113.
Slide 11: Hydrocarbons: 14 Cretaceous-Paleogene basins
with map of basins and Eurekan Orogen (red stipple), thrusts (red), other faults (grey lines)
Entry 1: Foreland basin (text with locn on map)
Entry 2: Intermontane basins (2)
Entry 3: Transtensional basins (5)
Entry 4: Half-graben basins (4)
Entry 5: Oceanic basins (2)
Entry 6: Mackenzie-Beaufort overlay
114.
Slide 14: Eurekan foreland cross-section (southern portion)
...colours mostly Prec-Silurian; KTe in pale yellow
Entry 1: northern portion: thrust belt cross-section
Entry 2: Projected Franklin Pierce Basin location
115.
Slide 15: Intermontane basins and map
Entry 1: I1: Axel heiberg Basin
...most of basin is to the west
Entry 2: I2: Lake Hazen Basin
Entry 3: Split Lake unconformity
Entry 4: Bache derived cgl (with star)
Entry 5: Line of cross-section
Entry 6: Cross-section (with star)
...2 major phases of deformation
...Carb-Cret units of Sverdrup Basin cut out by Paleocene; major prospects lie in basin margin unconformity settings
116.
Slide 16: Half graben basins with simple geology map
(south half of project area only)
Entry 1: Eclipse Basin (with "I1")
Entry 2: Lady Ann (I2)
Entry 3: Kap York (I3)
Entry 4: North Water (I4)
Entry 5: Inset locn map (North Water area; red box)
117.
Slide 18: BGR 2a profile (unmigrated)
...water bottom multiples
...with 7 seismic units
... folds in graben fill
Entry 1: with basal contacts and faults highlighted
Entry 2: thickness estimate
118.
Slide 19: Transtensional basins (yellow), Eurekan Orogen (stipple) on map; named basins:
Entry 1: Lancaster (text; T1)
Entry 2: Jones Sound (T2)
Entry 3: Glacier
Entry 4: Carey
Entry 5: Judge Daly (T5)
Entry 6: Outline of Lancaster Basin
119.
Slide 21: Norlands profile 73010 (Lancaster Sound)
...good primary data to 4.5 seconds
Entry 1: Interpretation lines
...red (graben boundary fault)
...yellow (base Upper Paleocene?)
...green (base Cretaceous?)
...brown (in Mesoproterozoic?)
...large untested closure
Entry 2: Thickness estimate (6.5k)
120.
Slide 23: Oceanic basins with map
...basin depocentres expected above the facing continental slopes, thinning oceanward toward axis of extinct spreading ridge
Entry 1: "O1": "Bylot" Basin
Entry 2: "O2": "NW Greenland" Basin
Entry 3: Refraction Line 4 located
Entry 4: Refraction Line 4 (into Bylot basin)
Entry 5: Refraction Line 2 located
Entry 6: Refraction Line 2 (across Carey Basin)
Entry 7: Norlands reflection profile located
121.
Slide 9: Hydrocarbon source rocks
Entry 1: Gas source rocks...
Entry 2: ...and more
Entry 3: Oil source rocks and...
Entry 4: Immature Cretaceous source (Kanguk)
with grades and thickness
Entry 5: Kanguk localities
154.
To break free from government subsidies
This economy will be resource-based
